The Elbow is used more than any other pipe fittings. It Provides flexibility to change the pipe direction. Elbow mainly available in two standard types 90° and 45°. However, it Can be cut to any other degree. Elbows are available in two radius types, Short radius (1D) and Long radius (1.5D).
90 Degree elbow is installed between the pipe to change the direction of the pipe by 90 Degree. Available in long and short radius form.
45 Degree elbow is installed between the pipe to change the direction of the pipe by 45 Degree.
In long radius elbow, centreline radius is 1.5 times the nominal size of the pipe or you can say 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe. Normally long radius elbows are used in piping as pressure loss is less as compared to short radius elbow. It required more space than short radius elbow.
In short radius elbow, centreline radius is same as the nominal size of the pipe or you can say one times the diameter of the pipe. Short radius elbows are used under limited space application. However, it has a high-pressure drop due to a sudden change in the direction of flow.
The 90 reducing elbow is designed to change direction as well as reduce the size of pipe within a piping system. The reducing elbow eliminates one pipe fitting and reduces the welding by more than one-third. Also, the gradual reduction in diameter throughout the arc of the reducing elbow provides lower resistance to flow and reduces the effect of stream turbulence and potential internal erosion. These features prevent sizeable pressure drops in the line.
Long radius pipeline bends are used in fluid transportation line which required pigging. Due to their long radius and smooth change of direction, pipe bend has very less pressure drop, and smooth flow of fluid & pig is possible. 3D and 5D Pipe bends are commonly available. Here, D is the pipe size.
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